Components of Permeable Pavements:

Surface layer:

Pervious concrete (cement, coarse aggregates, little sand, water, admixtures) Or porous asphalt (bitumen + open-graded aggregates) Or interlocking pavers with gravel-filled joints

Bedding layer:

Small clean crushed stone (2–10 mm size) Base & sub-base layers: Larger crushed stone or gravel (20–75 mm) to provide strength and water storage

Filter/separator:

Geotextile fabric to stop soil clogging but allow water to pass

Drainage system:

Perforated pipes (PVC/HDPE) if extra water removal is needed

Edge restraints:

Concrete curbs, steel, or plastic edging to keep everything in place

Permeable pavements are designed to allow water to pass through the surface, reducing runoff and promoting groundwater recharge. They are commonly used in parking lots, driveways, and walkways to manage stormwater effectively. Grey water recycling involves treating and reusing wastewater from sinks, showers, and laundry for non-potable purposes such as irrigation and toilet flushing. This practice helps conserve water and reduce the demand on freshwater resources.